Under Whmis 2015 Hazardous Chemicals Are Sorted By

Under WHMIS 2015: How Hazardous Chemicals are Sorted and Classified

The Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) 2015 is a crucial Canadian system designed to protect workers from hazardous chemicals. Understanding how these chemicals are classified and sorted under WHMIS 2015 is paramount for workplace safety. This comprehensive guide will delve deep into the classification system, explaining the different hazard classes, the criteria for classification, and the implications for labeling and safety data sheets (SDS).

The Foundation: Harmonization with Globally Harmonized System (GHS)

WHMIS 2015 is aligned with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), a globally recognized standard. This harmonization aims to streamline chemical classification and communication across international borders, reducing inconsistencies and improving safety. The core principles remain consistent: protect workers, promote clear communication, and harmonize classification globally.

Key Changes from WHMIS 1988

While building upon the foundations of the original WHMIS, the 2015 update introduced significant improvements. Key changes include:

• Adoption of the GHS: This is the most significant change, bringing Canada in line with international standards.
• Updated Hazard Classes: The number and specifics of hazard classes were revised and refined.
• Improved Labeling: Labels are more standardized and visually consistent, making hazard identification easier.
• Enhanced SDS requirements: Safety Data Sheets (SDS) are more comprehensive and standardized.

These enhancements collectively create a more effective system for managing workplace hazards associated with chemicals.

Understanding the Hazard Classes Under WHMIS 2015

WHMIS 2015 organizes hazardous chemicals into various hazard classes, each reflecting specific dangers. The classification process determines which class a chemical belongs to based on its inherent properties and potential health or environmental effects. These classes are not mutually exclusive; a single chemical can fall under multiple classifications.

Here's a breakdown of the key hazard classes:

1. Physical Hazards

This class encompasses chemicals that pose a physical hazard due to their inherent properties, even without chemical reactions. Sub-categories within this class include:

• Explosives: Substances or mixtures that can undergo a rapid exothermic reaction.
• Flammable Gases: Gases that can ignite easily in air.
• Aerosols: Dispersions of liquids or solids in gaseous media, that are flammable.
• Flammable Liquids: Liquids that can easily catch fire.
• Flammable Solids: Solids that can easily catch fire.
• Self-Reactives: Substances or mixtures that can undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition even without participation of oxygen.
• Pyrophoric Liquids: Liquids that ignite spontaneously in air at normal temperatures.
• Pyrophoric Solids: Solids that ignite spontaneously in air at normal temperatures.
• Self-Heating: Substances or mixtures that can self-heat upon contact with air at normal ambient temperatures without the supply of energy.
• Substances and Mixtures that, in contact with water, emit flammable gases: These materials produce flammable gases when they come into contact with water.
• Oxidizers: Substances that release oxygen and may cause or contribute to the combustion of other materials.
• Organic Peroxides: Organic compounds containing the bivalent -O-O- group. Many are unstable and may be shock sensitive.
• Corrosive to Metals: Substances that attack or destroy metals by a chemical reaction.

Determining Physical Hazard Classification: Specific test methods and criteria outlined in the GHS are used to determine whether a substance falls under any of these subcategories.

2. Health Hazards

This class covers chemicals that pose various health risks through inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption, or eye contact. Sub-categories include:

• Acute Toxicity: Substances that cause immediate harm upon short-term exposure.
• Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Substances that cause damage to the skin.
• Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Substances causing eye damage.
• Respiratory or Skin Sensitization: Substances causing allergic reactions upon repeated exposure.
• Germ Cell Mutagenicity: Substances that damage genetic material.
• Carcinogenicity: Substances that cause cancer.
• Reproductive Toxicity: Substances causing adverse effects on reproductive capacity.
• Specific Target Organ Toxicity (Single Exposure): Substances causing damage to specific organs after a single exposure.
• Specific Target Organ Toxicity (Repeated Exposure): Substances causing damage to specific organs after repeated exposure.
• Aspiration Toxicity: Substances that can cause lung damage if aspirated.

Determining Health Hazard Classification: Toxicity testing, both in vivo and in vitro, is crucial for determining the classification in this hazard class. Data on exposure routes, dose-response relationships, and effects on various organs are essential.

3. Environmental Hazards

This relatively new category under WHMIS 2015 focuses on the environmental impacts of chemicals. It addresses the potential for harm to aquatic organisms and other aspects of the environment.

• Hazardous to the Aquatic Environment: This subcategory encompasses substances that pose a threat to aquatic life, including fish, invertebrates, and algae. Classification considers acute and chronic toxicity, bioaccumulation, and bioconcentration factors.

Determining Environmental Hazard Classification: Environmental toxicology studies provide data on the toxicity to aquatic organisms, using specific test methods. The persistence, bioaccumulation, and mobility of the substance in the environment also play a crucial role in determining classification.

The Role of Safety Data Sheets (SDS)

Safety Data Sheets (SDS) are essential documents providing comprehensive information about hazardous chemicals. Under WHMIS 2015, SDSs must follow a standardized 16-section format, providing details about:

• Identification: Product name, supplier information.
• Hazard Identification: Classification and hazard statements.
• Composition/Information on Ingredients: Chemical composition and concentrations.
• First-aid Measures: Procedures for handling exposure.
• Fire-Fighting Measures: Appropriate firefighting methods.
• Accidental Release Measures: Steps for containing spills.
• Handling and Storage: Safe handling and storage practices.
• Exposure Controls/Personal Protection: Recommended PPE and engineering controls.
• Physical and Chemical Properties: Physical characteristics of the chemical.
• Stability and Reactivity: Chemical stability and reactivity hazards.
• Toxicological Information: Health effects and toxicology data.
• Ecological Information: Environmental hazards and impact.
• Disposal Considerations: Methods for safe disposal.
• Transport Information: Regulations for safe transportation.
• Regulatory Information: Relevant regulations and legislation.
• Other Information: Additional information relevant to the chemical.

Labeling Requirements Under WHMIS 2015

Labels are the primary means of communicating hazard information directly on the chemical containers. WHMIS 2015 labels must include:

• Product Identifier: The name of the product.
• Supplier Identification: The name and address of the supplier.
• Signal Word: "Danger" or "Warning," reflecting the severity of the hazard.
• Hazard Pictograms: Standardized symbols representing the hazard classes.
• Hazard Statements: Phrases describing the nature and severity of hazards.
• Precautionary Statements: Recommended measures to minimize or prevent risks.
• Supplemental Information: Additional safety information as needed.

Implementing WHMIS 2015 Effectively

Effective implementation of WHMIS 2015 requires a multi-faceted approach:

• Training: Workers must receive comprehensive training on hazard identification, safe handling procedures, and emergency response.
• Labeling and SDS Management: Accurate and up-to-date labels and SDSs must be readily available.
• Emergency Response Plans: Establish clear procedures for handling spills, leaks, and other emergencies.
• Hazard Communication: Develop a system for effective communication about chemical hazards.
• Regular Audits and Inspections: Periodically inspect workplaces to ensure compliance and identify areas for improvement.

Conclusion

WHMIS 2015 represents a significant advancement in workplace chemical safety. By aligning with the GHS, Canada has improved consistency, clarity, and effectiveness in managing hazardous chemicals. Understanding the hazard classes, utilizing SDSs appropriately, and adhering to labeling requirements are critical steps towards creating a safer work environment for all. Regular training, ongoing compliance, and a proactive approach to hazard management are vital components of a robust WHMIS 2015 program. The ultimate goal remains protecting workers from the risks associated with hazardous chemicals in the Canadian workplace. Continual review and adaptation of safety protocols in line with updates and best practices are essential to maintain a safe working environment.